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About ITRC
1 Introduction
1 Introduction
1.1 Purpose of This Guidance
1.2 The Need for an Integrated Strategy for Chlorinated-Solvent Sites
1.3 Involving Indian Tribe and Public Stakeholders
1.4 Is an IDSS a Site Closure Strategy?
1.5 When to Develop a Chlorinated Solvent–Contaminated Site Strategy
1.6 Structure of the Document
2 Conceptual Framework For the Behavior of DNAPLS and Chlorinated-Solvent Plumes in the Subsurface
2 Introduction
2.1 The Concetual Site Model
2.2 Key Subsurface Transport and Reaction Processes
2.3 The Importance of Geologic Conditions
2.4 Chlorinated-Solvent Source and Plume Dynamics
2.5 Introduction to the 14-Compartment Model
2.6 Application of the 14-Compartment Model to an Example Site
3. Remediation Objectives
3 Introduction
3.1 Historical Perspective of Absolute and Functional Objectives
3.2 Developing SMART Objectives
3.3 Examples of Possible Objectives for Chlorinated-Solvent Sites
3.4 Examples of SMART Objectives for a Chlorinated Solvent–Contaminated Site
3.5 Creating SMART Functional Objectives
3.6 ITRC Indian Tribe and Public Stakeholder Perspective of SMART Functional Objectives
4 Treatment Technologies
4 Introduction
4.1 General Technologies Categories
4.2 Rationale for Coupling Technologies
4.3 Transitioning Between Technologies
4.4 Washington Square Mall Example
5 Developing a Monitoring Approach
5 Introduction
5.1 Types of Monitoring
5.2 Media to Monitor
5.3 Aligning Data to SMART Functional Objectives
5.4 Metrics
5.5 Data Evaluation
5.6 Monitoring Optimization
5.7 Developing a Monitoring Approach Example Site
6 Remedy Evaluation
6 Introduction
6.1 Evaluate Whether Objectives Are Being Met
6.2 Remedy Optimization—Can Objectives be Met with Greater Efficiency?
6.3 Remedy Evaluation
6.4 Summary
7. Additional Info
Appendix A: Case Studies
Appendix B: Developing an IDSS
Appendix C: Conceptual Site Model Checklist
Team Contacts
Glossary
References
Acronyms
Acknowledgments
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Integrated DNAPL Site Strategy
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About ITRC

The Interstate Technology and Regulatory Council (ITRC) is a state-led coalition working to reduce barriers to the use of innovative environmental technologies and approaches so that compliance costs are reduced and cleanup efficacy is maximized. ITRC produces documents and training that broaden and deepen technical knowledge and expedite quality regulatory decision making while protecting human health and the environment. With private and public sector members from all 50 states and the District of Columbia, ITRC truly provides a national perspective. More information on ITRC is available at www.itrcweb.org.

ITRC is a program of the Environmental Research Institute of the States (ERIS), a 501(c)(3) organization incorporated in the District of Columbia and managed by the Environmental Council of the States (ECOS). ECOS is the national, nonprofit, nonpartisan association representing the state and territorial environmental commissioners. Its mission is to serve as a champion for states; to provide a clearinghouse of information for state environmental commissioners; to promote coordination in environmental management; and to articulate state positions on environmental issues to Congress, federal agencies, and the public.

Disclaimer

This material was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof and no official endorsement should be inferred.

The information provided in documents, training curricula, and other print or electronic materials created by the Interstate Technology and Regulatory Council (“ITRC” and such materials are referred to as “ITRC Materials”) is intended as a general reference to help regulators and others develop a consistent approach to their evaluation, regulatory approval, and deployment of environmental technologies. The information in ITRC Materials was formulated to be reliable and accurate. However, the information is provided “as is” and use of this information is at the users’ own risk.

ITRC Materials do not necessarily address all applicable health and safety risks and precautions with respect to particular materials, conditions, or procedures in specific applications of any technology. Consequently, ITRC recommends consulting applicable standards, laws, regulations, suppliers of materials, and material safety data sheets for information concerning safety and health risks and precautions and compliance with then-applicable laws and regulations. ITRC, ERIS and ECOS shall not be liable in the event of any conflict between information in ITRC Materials and such laws, regulations, and/or other ordinances. The content in ITRC Materials may be revised or withdrawn at any time without prior notice.

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January 2023

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